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stock antimicrobial concentrations  (CH Instruments)
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CH Instruments stock antimicrobial concentrations
Membrane integrity of the parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR mutant strain under NIS, LAE, EPL, or CHI exposure for 24 h at 7°C. The relative dye ratios were calculated as the fluorescence ratio (SYTO9 to propidium iodide) for the <t>antimicrobial-treated</t> parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant divided by the fluorescence ratio of the untreated parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant. Asterisks indicate the relative dye ratios for H7858 ΔvirR under each antimicrobial stress that were significantly (P < 0.05) different from the ratios for the parent strain. The data represent the means and the standard deviations of three biological replicates.
Stock Antimicrobial Concentrations, supplied by CH Instruments, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Membrane integrity of the parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR mutant strain under NIS, LAE, EPL, or CHI exposure for 24 h at 7°C. The relative dye ratios were calculated as the fluorescence ratio (SYTO9 to propidium iodide) for the antimicrobial-treated parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant divided by the fluorescence ratio of the untreated parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant. Asterisks indicate the relative dye ratios for H7858 ΔvirR under each antimicrobial stress that were significantly (P < 0.05) different from the ratios for the parent strain. The data represent the means and the standard deviations of three biological replicates.

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: VirR-Mediated Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes against Food Antimicrobials and Cross-Protection Induced by Exposure to Organic Acid Salts

doi: 10.1128/AEM.00648-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Membrane integrity of the parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR mutant strain under NIS, LAE, EPL, or CHI exposure for 24 h at 7°C. The relative dye ratios were calculated as the fluorescence ratio (SYTO9 to propidium iodide) for the antimicrobial-treated parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant divided by the fluorescence ratio of the untreated parent strain and the ΔvirR mutant. Asterisks indicate the relative dye ratios for H7858 ΔvirR under each antimicrobial stress that were significantly (P < 0.05) different from the ratios for the parent strain. The data represent the means and the standard deviations of three biological replicates.

Article Snippet: The stock antimicrobial concentrations were 500 μg/ml (NIS), 1,000 μg/ml (LAE), 50,000 μg/ml (EPL), and 50,000 μg/ml (CHI), and they were prepared in sterile H 2 O except for CHI, which was prepared in 1% (vol/vol) acetic acid as previously described ( 31 ).

Techniques: Membrane, Mutagenesis, Fluorescence

Log decrease in cell density for the parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR, ΔdltA, ΔmprF, and ΔanrAB mutants exposed to NIS (0.5 μg/ml), LAE (20 μg/ml), EPL (500 μg/ml), or CHI (50 μg/ml) for 24 h at 7°C. For each antimicrobial, strains with the same letter were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). The data represent the means and the standard deviations of three biological replicates.

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: VirR-Mediated Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes against Food Antimicrobials and Cross-Protection Induced by Exposure to Organic Acid Salts

doi: 10.1128/AEM.00648-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Log decrease in cell density for the parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR, ΔdltA, ΔmprF, and ΔanrAB mutants exposed to NIS (0.5 μg/ml), LAE (20 μg/ml), EPL (500 μg/ml), or CHI (50 μg/ml) for 24 h at 7°C. For each antimicrobial, strains with the same letter were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). The data represent the means and the standard deviations of three biological replicates.

Article Snippet: The stock antimicrobial concentrations were 500 μg/ml (NIS), 1,000 μg/ml (LAE), 50,000 μg/ml (EPL), and 50,000 μg/ml (CHI), and they were prepared in sterile H 2 O except for CHI, which was prepared in 1% (vol/vol) acetic acid as previously described ( 31 ).

Techniques:

Model of VirR-mediated resistance to food antimicrobials, based on our data and previously proposed modes of action for these antimicrobials. The figure was adapted from a previous publication (53). The L. monocytogenes cell envelope consisting of the cell wall (gray) and the cytoplasmic membrane (below gray area) is shown. Teichoic acids that are anchored to the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane represent wall teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids, respectively. d-Alanylation of teichoic acids (mediated by DltABCD) and l-lysinylation of membrane phospholipids (mediated by MprF) are indicated by the letters A or L in circles, respectively. Letters below each strain designate the phenotype when exposed to each antimicrobial as inferred from the survival assays: R, resistant; S, sensitive; MS, most sensitive. Potential electrostatic repulsion or exclusion of antimicrobials facilitated by teichoic acid as well as phospholipid modifications are indicated by deflected arrows with a horizontal line, whereas a plain arrow indicates antimicrobial penetration to the target site. The combination of two arrows indicates partial resistance provided by the specific modification.

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: VirR-Mediated Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes against Food Antimicrobials and Cross-Protection Induced by Exposure to Organic Acid Salts

doi: 10.1128/AEM.00648-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model of VirR-mediated resistance to food antimicrobials, based on our data and previously proposed modes of action for these antimicrobials. The figure was adapted from a previous publication (53). The L. monocytogenes cell envelope consisting of the cell wall (gray) and the cytoplasmic membrane (below gray area) is shown. Teichoic acids that are anchored to the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane represent wall teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids, respectively. d-Alanylation of teichoic acids (mediated by DltABCD) and l-lysinylation of membrane phospholipids (mediated by MprF) are indicated by the letters A or L in circles, respectively. Letters below each strain designate the phenotype when exposed to each antimicrobial as inferred from the survival assays: R, resistant; S, sensitive; MS, most sensitive. Potential electrostatic repulsion or exclusion of antimicrobials facilitated by teichoic acid as well as phospholipid modifications are indicated by deflected arrows with a horizontal line, whereas a plain arrow indicates antimicrobial penetration to the target site. The combination of two arrows indicates partial resistance provided by the specific modification.

Article Snippet: The stock antimicrobial concentrations were 500 μg/ml (NIS), 1,000 μg/ml (LAE), 50,000 μg/ml (EPL), and 50,000 μg/ml (CHI), and they were prepared in sterile H 2 O except for CHI, which was prepared in 1% (vol/vol) acetic acid as previously described ( 31 ).

Techniques: Membrane, Modification